A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Pokharel, P. K.
- Study on Birth Spacing and its Determinants among Women of Kirtipur Municipality of Kathmandu District
Authors
1 Manipal College of Medical Sciences (Nursing Programme), Pokhara, IN
2 BPKIHS, Dharan, IN
3 BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal, NP
Source
International Journal of Nursing Education, Vol 3, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 56-60Abstract
Background
Birth spacing is a significant health-improving and life-sav-ing measure for mothers and children. Short birth spacing has an important public health impact. Adequate birth spacing could be logical alternative strategies for fertility control.
Objective
To assess the pattern of birth spacing and its determinants among women of Kirtipur Municipality of Kathmandu.
Design
Community based cross-sectional study
Material and Methods
350 ever married women of reproductive age group from three wards of Kirtipur were selected by adopting proportionate random sampling technique. Data were collected through interview and analyzed using nonparametric tests and multinomial logistic regression.
Results
The mean birth interval is 4.05 years (3-5.83). Very few women (7.1%) had 5 years. The average birth interval shows decreasing trend with increase in birth order. Birth interval is significantly associated with education, socio economic status, sex and number of children, abortions and child deaths, previous obstetric history and menopause. The important predictors were age of the couple, age at first sex and childbearing, education, economic status, current living children, ideal number of children and abortion.
Conclusion
Majority of the women practice optimum birth interval despite low literacy. The optimal birth spacing significantly increases with increase in educational attainment, improvement of socio economic status, decreased number of living children, presence of both sexes in the family, absence of abortions and child deaths and menopause. The important predictors found were age of the couple, age at first sex and childbearing, education, economic status, living children, ideal number of children and abortion.
Keywords
Birth Spacing, Unmet Need, Postpartum Amenorrhea, Postpartum Abstinence.
References
- USAID. Birth spacing: A call to action. Birth intervals of three years or longer for infant and child health; 2002.
- Jansen WH. Extending Service Delivery Project, Country Profile: Nepal. [Online]. 2007 [accessed on 2009 Mar 3]; Available from: URL:http://www.google.com/.
- Rao SR, Townsend J, Askew I. Correlates of Inter-birth Intervals: Implications of Optimal Birth Spacing Strategies in Mozambique. Population Council; 2006 Mar.
- Birth spacing: Three to Five Saves Lives. Popul Rep L 2002 Summer;(13):1-23.
- World Health Organization. Health and family planning. In Point Fact 1984;(23):1-4.
- Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Population Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Macro International Inc., Calverton, Maryland, USA; 2007 May. p. 35-129,225-243.
- William HJ, Laurel C. USAID birth spacing programmatic review: An assessment of country–level programs, communications and training materials, Executive Summary. Washington DC: The Population Technical Assistance Project; 2004 Feb.
- Population Services International. Give Families More Room To Breathe -Voluntary Birth Spacing Provides Health, Economic and Social Benefits; 2005 April.
- Conde-Agudelo A. Effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse perinatal outcomes in Latin America. Proceedings of the 2nd Champions Meeting on Birth Spacing; Washington DC:CATALYST Consortium:20-29.
- URL:http://www.google.com/optimal_birth_spacing/.
- Parr N. Mass Media Promotion of Family Planning and the Use of Modern Contraception in Ghana. Paper presented to the 24th IUSSP General Conference; Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 2001 Aug 18-24.
- Al-Nahedh NNA. The effect of sociodemographic variables on child-spacing in rural Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1999;5(1):136-140.
- Warren CW et al. Fertility and family planning in Jordan: Results from the 1985 Jordan Husbands Fertility Survey. Studies in family planning 1990 Jan-Feb;21(1):33-39.
- Petro-Nustas W, Al-Qutob R. Jordanian men’s attitudes and views of birth spacing and contraceptive use (a qualitative approach). Health care for women International 2002;23(6-7):516-529.
- Rasheed P, Al-Dabal BK. Birth interval: perceptions and practices among urban-based Saudi Arabian women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2007;13(4):881- 892.
- Maitra P, Pal S. Birth Spacing and Child Survival: Comparative Evidence from India and Pakistan. Monash University 2002 Sep.
- Gyanu RM. Spatial Analysis of Water Resources for Local Development in Kirtipur Municipality of Kathmandu Valley. Masters Degree thesis submitted to the Central Department of Rural Development, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2008 Dec.
- Kiani MF, Nazli S. Dynamics of birth spacing in Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review 1988 Winter;27(4 Pt 2):655-7.
- Pathak KB, Pandey A. Tempo of Fertility in Orissa: A Study based on Birth Interval. The Journal of Family Welfare 1993;39(4):1-8.
- Westoff CF, Potter RG, Sagi PC. Birth spacing as related to desired family size. A study in the prediction of fertility. Princeton University Press 1963:56-65.
- Agyei WK, Migadde M. Demographic and sociocultural factors influencing contraceptive use in Uganda. J Biosoc Sci 1995 Jan;27(1):47-60.
- Hank K, Kohler HP. Gender Preferences for Children in Europe: Empirical Results from 17 FFS Countries. Demographic Research 2000 Jan 25;2(1).
- Ballweg JA. Death Loss, Fetal Wastage And Completed Family Size. Journal of Biosocial Science 1982;14:309- 318.
- A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors
1 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan, NP
2 Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur, NP
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 121-127Abstract
Background:Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.Objectives: To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.
Results: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.
Conclusions: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.
Keywords
Dharan, Prevalence, Risk Factors, School Children, Worm Infestation.Full Text
